HRT

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is commonly used as a primary treatment for symptoms linked to perimenopause and menopause. It helps restore hormone levels by replacing hormones that naturally decline over time.

HRT may also support women experiencing other hormone-related conditions, including premenstrual syndrome (PMS), premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), postnatal depression, and in some cases polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis.

Most forms of HRT contain estradiol — a beneficial form of estrogen — alongside progesterone, and sometimes testosterone.

Managing menopause symptoms is important, but supporting your long-term health matters too. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may offer a range of health benefits beyond symptom relief.

Supporting heart health
Starting HRT during perimenopause or within ten years of menopause may help lower the risk of heart disease and reduce the likelihood of dying from it.

Bioidentical HRT, designed to closely resemble the body’s natural hormones, may also support healthy cholesterol levels, which play an important role in cardiovascular health.

Protecting your bones
Around half of postmenopausal women will develop osteoporosis. Estrogen helps slow bone loss while supporting the formation of new bone tissue. HRT can help prevent bone loss and, in some cases, may even improve bone density. It has also been shown to reduce fracture risk by around 50%. Estrogen therapy is FDA-approved for the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Supporting cognitive health
Research is ongoing, but some studies suggest that HRT may help reduce the risk of dementia in some women. Findings are still mixed, and factors such as the type of hormones used, when treatment begins, and how it is delivered may all influence its effects on brain health.

Reducing the risk of colon cancer
Some forms of hormone therapy have been linked to a reduced future risk of colon cancer, with studies suggesting around a 20% lower risk. While the exact reason is not fully understood, hormonal effects on insulin-like growth factors may play a role.

Helping lower the risk of type 2 diabetes
HRT may also help reduce the likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes. By improving overall wellbeing, sleep, and energy levels, it may also support healthier blood sugar regulation.

Your health, your decision
Choosing whether to use HRT is a personal decision. Our aim is to provide clear, evidence-based information so you can make the choice that feels right for you.

Types of HRT Available in the United Kingdom

There are several types of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) available in the UK. The right option depends on factors such as your stage of menopause, symptoms, medical history, and whether you still have your womb.  

Oestrogen-Only HRT

Oestrogen-only HRT contains just oestrogen and is usually recommended for women who have had a hysterectomy. It can help relieve symptoms such as hot flushes, night sweats, low mood, and vaginal dryness.  

Combined HRT

Combined HRT contains both oestrogen and progestogen (progesterone). It is recommended for women who still have a womb, as progesterone helps protect the lining of the uterus from thickening.  

Combined HRT is available in two main forms:

  • Sequential (cyclical) HRT – usually recommended during perimenopause when periods are still occurring. Progesterone is taken for part of the month, often resulting in a monthly bleed.  
  • Continuous combined HRT – typically used after menopause when periods have stopped for at least 12 months. Both hormones are taken every day without a monthly bleed.  

Body-Identical (Bioidentical) HRT

Body-identical HRT uses hormones that are chemically identical to those naturally produced by the body. These treatments are widely prescribed in the UK and are often available as patches, gels, sprays, and micronised progesterone capsules such as Utrogestan.  

Testosterone Therapy

Some menopause specialists may prescribe testosterone alongside HRT for women experiencing low libido, fatigue, or reduced wellbeing when standard HRT alone has not helped. Testosterone is not currently licensed specifically for menopause treatment in the UK, but it can still be prescribed by specialists.  

Local (Vaginal) Oestrogen

Local oestrogen treats symptoms affecting the vagina and urinary system, including dryness, irritation, discomfort during sex, and recurrent urinary symptoms. It works locally with minimal absorption into the bloodstream.  

It is available as:

  • Vaginal tablets
  • Pessaries
  • Creams
  • Gels
  • Vaginal rings   

Ways HRT Can Be Taken

HRT is available in several delivery methods, allowing treatment to be tailored to individual needs and preferences. Options include:

  • Tablets
  • Skin patches
  • Gels
  • Sprays
  • Vaginal preparations
  • Intrauterine systems (such as the Mirena coil)   

Tibolone

Tibolone is a tablet that acts similarly to combined HRT while also having some testosterone-like effects. It may help with symptoms such as hot flushes, mood changes, and low libido. It is generally prescribed after menopause.  

Personalised Treatment

HRT is not one-size-fits-all. Many women try different types, doses, or delivery methods before finding the option that works best for them. Treatment can often be adjusted over time as symptoms and hormone needs change.